Sneezing by cats is often referred to as the cat flu. The cat flu is a general term that describes cold / flu symptoms in cats. Many times the cat flu is brought on by a viral or
bacterial infection.
The two viruses responsible for the cat flu virus are:
- Feline Calicivirus (FCV) Pronounced
'kal-ee-chee'. Found in nearly half of cats and kittens
with upper respiratory infections.
- Feline herpesvirus (FHV) The more serious of the two
viral infections. Found worldwide. FHV is the virus that causes
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR). FVR is the condition that
results from FHV (ex. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS).
The bacterial forms of the cat flu are brought on by:
- Chlamydophila felis (AKA Chlamydia) bacteria found in
house cats worldwide. Causes upper respiratory tract disease,
conjunctivitis and pneumonia
- Bordetella bronchiseptica (AKA Kennel Cough)
Infectious disease. Common cause of cold symptoms
Common Cat Flu Symptoms
In both viral and bacterial forms cat flu common symptoms include
sneezing, coughing, nasal discharge, fevers and conjunctivitis
(discharge/cloudiness around the membrane of the eye). Affected
cats can also develop
Pneumonia from secondary
bacterial infections. In addition:
Feline calicivirus (FCV)
Affected cats symptoms may include ulceration of the mouth and
tongue, palate, lips and sometimes the tip of the nose as well as
joint problems (polyarthritis).
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
Affected cats can sometimes develop corneal ulcers. Also the
discharge from the nose many times starts a clear fluid which can
turn thick and green as the disease progresses. Cats often lose
their sense of smell.
Chlamydia
The bacteria can cause eye discharge and eyelid swelling. Many
times it will start as a watery discharge from one eye and then
will affect both. Because it is uncomfortable affected cats may
hold their eyelids partially closed. As the disease progresses,
severe swelling and reddening of the conjunctiva may be seen and
the discharge changes from watery to a thicker yellowish
discharge.
Many healthy cats carry the both the feline herpesvirus (FHV) and
the feline calicivirus (FCV) and show no symptoms. So even if
your cat tests positive for it, it does not mean that the actual
respiratory problems are caused by that one particular
virus.
How Is The Cat Flu Spread?
Transmission varies but in general all types are contagious.
Feline herpesvirus (FHV)
is transmitted through direct cat contact. The feline herpesvirus
lives and replicates itself in the nasal areas and in the
tonsils. The virus is then shed in saliva and eye and nasal
secretions as well as in areas where the cat has deposited those
secretions. FHV has a 2-5 day incubation period and can be shed
1-3 weeks afterwards. Some carriers might even shed a variant of
the virus for life.
Feline calicivirus (FCV)
Lives and replicates in the oral and respiratory tissues and is
also secreted in saliva and in respiratory secretions. It is also
shed in feces / urine. So it can be transmitted directly and
indirectly through the air, orally, and on areas where the cat
has deposited those secretions. Infected cats typically shed the
virus for about 2 weeks after which they never shed the virus
again (unless they have a latent infection and then shed
intermittently).
Chlamydia
Chlamydophila felis is fragile and cannot survive long in the
environment so it is most commonly transmitted by direct contact
between cats.
Both viral forms of the cat flu are contagious and easily spread
for a few weeks following infection (some cats can be latent
carriers and can shed intermittently but this is less common).
Chlamydia less so but still VERY common. Ditto for
Bordetella.
Bordetella
Can also be transmitted directly and indirectly through the air,
orally, and on areas where the cat has deposited those
secretions.
Prevent Your Cat From Getting The Cat Flu
FHV, FCV, Chlamydophila felis and Bordetella
Kitten Vaccine Schedule are good ways to
prevent transmission of the disease so make sure that kitty's
shots are all up to date. Good hygiene is key also, especially in
multiple-cat homes so please keep the infected cat isolated from
other cats in your house and be sure to disinfect and thoroughly
clean all areas where an infected (or possibly infected) cat has
been.
HOW TO HELP A SNEEZING KITTEN
Treatment will vary by type of infection though as always you
should keep your cat comfortable, well fed and happy and in some
instances separated from other cats.
If your cat has one of the bacterial infections the good news is
that both Bordetella and Chlamydia respond well to
antibiotics.
For both viral forms of the illness there are no specific
treatments though vets will often use antibiotics for secondary
bacterial infections. For some variants vets will sometimes they
also use immune modulators to strengthen the immune system. Many
times treatment will be limited symptoms only. As an example
conjunctivitis or corneal ulcers treated using topical
antibiotics.
Though serious, the viral forms of the disease are not
necessarily fatal and your cat can develop immunity. Note however
that once your kitty has battled through it is possible he / she
may occasionally or recurrently show symptoms. This is all
dependent on what damage the virus has caused and perhaps even a
new / different infection. Nonetheless your cat can live a long
and happy life.
In any event, if your kitty is showing signs of the above, go to
your vet and start treatment right away!
Kitten with Runny Nose
Dear Simba,
I got a kitten from a local shelter about 4 weeks ago. She is now
12 weeks old. When we got her she had some mild sneezing and no
real discharge. But the shelter staff thought it important that
she get her
shots that same day. They
gave her the shots and we brought her home.
That night Spider played like normal, but she started sneezing
more! The next day Spider did not eat or drink and although she
tried to go to the
litter box,
she could not pass anything. I was concerned enough to take her
to the vet who diagnosed her as having the
Cat
Flu. She was placed on antibiotics for 14 days, and I
force-fed her food and water at home for a week until she started
eating on her own. Twice or three times a day we would put her in
the bathroom with the shower running and steam her to loosen the
mucus in her nose, and we kept her face as clean as we
could.
I had hoped that she would get better fast. While she is
eating and
playing more, the mucus coming from her nose
is more greenish in color and there is more of it. She continues
to sneeze and cannot breathe through her nose very well. She has
also started this retching cough which looks like she is trying
to lose a hairball and her eyes are starting to weep more than
before. What do you think? Her nose and cough have me worried.
Jeremy
Dear Jeremy,
Although only your vet can say for sure it is possible that
Spider may have the viral form of the Cat Flu, particularly the
one caused by the feline herpesvirus (FHV) which causes Feline
viral rhinotracheitis (FVR). Unlike the bacterial infection, the
virus does not respond to antibiotics. One idea to help her
breathing is to use
a eye-dropper to remove the mucus from her
nostrils (like they do for babies with colds). I would
recommend that you also take her to the vet again and see if he
might offer some additional antibiotics on the off chance that
the prior batch was not strong enough and she has the bacterial
form of the flu.
However, given that this could be a viral form of the
cat flu your best bet is to strengthen up her
immune system through
good
nutrition and
play.
The good news is that the cat flu is not fatal but it can be
chronic. However, cats can live long happy lives with it. Let me
know how she does. Your Pal, Simba
Kitten Sneezes...Has Runny Nose
Dear Simba,
I have a 5 month old kitten that has started sneezing a lot
lately. He is on Biomox from the vet but just seems to keep
sneezing. He was put on the Biomox for an upper respiratory
infection. Will the Biomox help his sneezing also?
Is it possible that he could be allergic to his litter? Seems
that he sneezes a lot after using his
litter box. His nose is also running
when he sneezes, but it is clear.
The flu went through the house, do you think he may have it now?
Help!!! Hate to see Squeaker sick. Sheila
Dear Sheila,
The
cat flu and the cold / flu that
affects people are completely different. The cat flu is brought
on by viral or a bacterial infection that is particular to them.
Do not feel guilty that you passed on your flu to Squeaker. It is
impossible.
As to whether Squeaker is allergic to his litter you can test it
by by switching litter types.
click here
for a write up on the cat flu. Keep me posted. Simba
Hi Simba-
I recently rescued a kitten (on the side of the road). He is
about 7 weeks old and has been with us since October. He was
completely
flea-infested, so I gave him
a bath with flea shampoo. I also got him a kitten flea collar. He
has been eating like there's no tomorrow and he is using the
litter box regularly and seems
to have no problems. However, he has been coughing the past
couple of days and while he normally wants to be around me, he
has been sleeping under the bed, in the closet etc.
This is my first kitten and I'm nervous. Someone told me that
when cats don’t feel well they tend to isolate themselves.
Could he be allergic to the flea collar> does he have a cold?
Help! Jennifer
Dear Jennifer,
Thank goodness for nice people like you. It sounds like the
kitten is adjusting well. I would venture to guess that your
kitten is sleeping in places that are warm and where he feels
comfortable. Be sure to put a blanket or kitty bed for him so he
can nap and feel comfy.
At 7 weeks of age kittens are still very delicate so be sure that
your home is no colder than 70 degrees.
Also, make sure that the collar you use is kitten safe. Many
types of collars, powders and shampoos for dogs can be harmful to
kitties.
As for his coughing, these symptoms can be brought on by lower
respiratory track problems / infections and can be caused by
everything to his inhaling of irritants like gasses or dirt to
allergies,
parasites, bronchitis and the
cat flu.
Because your kitten has been coughing recently you are best off
taking him to the vet to get him treated soon! He is young his
lungs are still in
development...the sooner you
take care of any respiratory
track infections the less likely that he will have permanent
damage and future problems in that area. Keep me posted.
Simba
Dear Simba,
Our 4 month old kitten, Parkway, arrived 5 days ago. She started
sneezing yesterday...a lot. It is messy and gross, but not at all
connected with a runny nose, or other signs of sickness. She has
a great appetite, is playful and sleeps well. She can go for long
periods without sneezing and does not sneeze when she eats or
sleeps. She has had a lot of new things introduced to her
recently - could she be allergic? She eats canned IAM's food
(she used to eat dry food and did not sneeze then); we also
switched her litter from the all-organic to Fresh Step. Do cats
get allergies? - Caring for a Kleenex Kitten
Dear Caring for a Kleenex Kitten,
Cats rarely get allergies. A common cause of sneezing and nasal
discharge are viral or bacterial infections that cause what is
known as the the
cat flu. These can be
chronic or latent and symptoms can return in times of stress.
Cats live long and happy lives with the viruses, so
do not be
alarmed! The sneezing is caused by inflammation and/or
infections in the mucus membranes damaged by the virus or
bacteria.
Take Parkway to her vet to get a good treatment plan.
Also, consider returning Parkway to dry food (IAM's has good
dry kitten food). I believe that dry is bit better for your
cat's
dental health. Make any
future transitions gradual in nature (this applies to her
litter as well). Who knows
this may help alleviate any stress she feels. Your Pal,
Simba
Congested Kitten
Hi Simba,
Some trick-or-treaters brought us our little stray Spooky this
Halloween.
The vet says he is 18 weeks old, and has him on an
antibiotic for kitty cold, plus eyes cream for conjunctivitis,
ear mite drops, and
flea retardant. Spooky is the sweetest and most
affectionate kitten around! The problem is that we can tell he
has not eaten since he is been with us. He will drink water, and
uses the
litter box well.
The vet said that with his nose stuffed up, he wouldn't eat a
lot. How long should we wait for him? He meows pitifully, as if
he is hungry, but he refuses canned and dry kitten food (and even
chicken scraps). - Spooky's Mom
Dear Spooky’s Mom,
I hope that Spooky is back eating ok. If he is not, I suggest
putting out some tuna or sardines. See if the irresistible smell
does not
bring back his ‘appetito.’ If this
does not work, I suggest that you begin feeding him by hand (use
a beaker to feed him liquefied food). Your vet is right in his
saying that Spooky will
eat
when he is ready. Kittens have very sensitive tummies and any
sort of spicy chicken can cause an
upset stomach. Your Pal, Simba
Kitten Eye Discharge
Hi Simba
Our 3-month old male kitten has developed a severe case of
conjunctivitis, which did not respond to antibiotic creams. He is
now sneezing and has a lot of green eye discharge. I am bringing
him to the cat- eye doctor tomorrow as one eye is really bad and
almost all covered by the inner eye. Should he be on antibiotics
if his discharge is green? Our vet suspects the cat the feline
herpesvirus. He also still needs his third shot and we were told
to wait?
We got another kitten from the SPCA the week before who had a bad
upper respiratory infection. We treated her for that and she is
much better but she still sneezes. She needs to be
spayed…should we wait for the sneezing to halt? Is she the carrier of the virus that gave our
other kitten the sore eyes? This one never had bad eye problems
but was treated with eye ointment. Thanks for your advice -very
worried mom and dad! Sandy & Dave
Dear Sandy & Dave,
Your vet is right in having you put off your 3-month old's
shots.Injections for virus
immunization contain weakened or dead virus elements. In healthy
recipients the body can easily overcome the weak virus and
develops immunity. In immune system compromised patients the
vaccines could present problems.
As for whether the green discharge should be treated with
antibiotics, I cannot tell. If your little one's immune
system is weakened, the shot will have little or no effect and
may cause problems. Many times green discharge is brought on by
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) which is caused by the feline
herpes virus.
As for the female's
spaying
consider postponing surgery so long as her immune system is
depressed. This may or may not be the case with the female.
Again, trust your vet's opinion, as only he/she can make a
good assessment.
As to whether the new cat is the carrier of the virus. It could
be. Check out the
Life Changes
section for tips on future cat introductions. Keep me posted.
Simba
Dear Simba,
I found a kitten on my doorstep and decided to give her a loving
home. She appears to be about 10 weeks old, and pretty healthy. I
do not know how long she has been outside. She has a discharge
coming out of one eye. Not a lot, it is a very light yellow.
Should I keep cleaning it with a warm washcloth until I can get
her in to the vet? Her eyes do not appear to be cloudy or
anything just the one has some discharge. I want to make her as
comfy as possible until the vet can see her. Misty
Dear Misty,
I suspect that your friend is showing signs of conjunctivitis
sometimes associated with Chlamydia, one of the causes of the
cat flu. Your vet will be able to make a
diagnosis and give you a treatment plan, most likely including
antibiotics. In the meantime continue cleaning gently with the
warm wash cloth. You are a kind soul for rescuing the little
creature. Your Pal, Simba
Cat with Bloody Nose
Dear Simba,
I have been online reading the stories about kitty flu. I'm
finding a lot of similarities, with one exception. Sunny is my 3
1/2 month-old kitten has the one runny eye, coughing, bad
congestion (sounds like he is breathing through a coffee stir),
sneezing with discharge- here is where my concern is, the
discharge is bloody sometimes more blood than not. I took him to
the vet for his shots and told the doctor of his symptoms. He
gave him antibiotics. After 3 days of it he was no better. The
doctor changed his prescription to Clavomox, 10 days later he
still coughs, has bad congestion and sneezes a bloody discharge.
My vet has said for me to get a second opinion because he is not
sure what it could be other than the kitty flu. I am alarmed at
his continued symptoms! Not so sunny days
P.S.
He is still eating, drinking, going potty, playing as though he
was fine.
Dear Not so sunny days,
Your kitten not responding to antibiotics may imply that he has
the viral form of the kitty flu (either the FCV or FHV). As you
know, viruses do not respond to antibiotics. Best way to make
sure is to see a vet that specializes in Cats (check out the
American
Association of Feline Professionals).
There are a couple of tests that a vet can perform to figure out
what is at the root of this. These include radiographs (x-rays)
of the skull. These allow you to see the nasal cavity and frontal
sinuses and can help you determine what, if any damage the virus
and/or infections have done to his nasal passages. Another test
is a nasal flush. This diagnostic procedure is used to collect
matter from the nasal cavity for study or culture. It will help
you sort out what, if any bacteria are affecting kitty. Kitties
are very resilient creatures and it looks like
your little one
is holding his own. Take him to a cat doctor and let me know
how you two do. Simba
Dear Simba
My sister just adopted a kitten. It came home sneezing and
drooling. The vet says that drooling can be normal and the kitten
sounds fine, but put her on an antibiotic in case. She is
drooling a lot more. Can this be serious? The vet also said she
could have kennel cough. What do you think? signed Maggie's
aunt
Dear Maggie's Aunt,
The drooling is could be the result of stress (cats can salivate
when nervous) or an oral ulcer brought upon by the
cat flu
If kitty does not eat, he may need some nutritional support in
the form of intravenous/subcutaneous fluids or easily eaten and
digested supplements. Keep me posted. Simba
Follow-up
Just wanted to let you know that Maggie is doing much better. She
had an upper respiratory infection. The vet gave her drops for
her eye infection…she was allergic to it and her eye
swelled shut. But she is as lively as ever! We love your site,
keep up the good work and thank you! Maggie's Aunt
----
Thanks for the note. I am happy Maggie is doing
better. Simba
Hi Simba,
I have two kittens 'on hold' at the SPCA until
they're old enough to leave their mom. The whole litter has
come down with a respiratory infection and are being treated with
antibiotics. They have improved but I'm concerned that they
may now have a chronic condition due to secondary bacterial
infections of the damaged nasal passages and fine bones within
the nose.
Hi,
You are very astute in your observations. It is possible that
your kittens may either have a case of
the cat
flu. However serious cats do recover and cats can live long
and happy lives with it and their love for you will be
undiminished. While they could come out fine (it seems they are
getting good treatment) they may have some lingering side
effects. Don’t worry, and congratulations on your kittens!
Simba
Hi Simba,
We are fostering a 4-week old kitten from our local humane
society. Bailey came to us with a little sneeze, but the vet said
he was fine. it is been 6 days, and he has begun to breathe
noisily, sneeze with a discharge, which is fairly clear and meow
more often. His eyes are fine, he eats and drinks no problem,
weighs about 350 grams, he uses his litter box, and is relatively
active. We are concerned because he seems to be somewhat
distressed, and has
difficulty breathing. We want
to keep him at home, because returning him to the humane society
usually just exposes him to other serious diseases. Should we
keep him at home, or is there something the vet could do to help
Bailey? Carole
Dear Carole,
It might be worthwhile to take Bailey to the vet, since he could
very well have the bacterial form of the
cat
flu. In the meantime, continue keeping him well fed and
comfy. You may want to try sitting with him in the bathroom while
running hot water on in the shower or with a humidifier so that
his sinuses might clear up with the steam. Keep me posted.
Simba
Cats & Human Flu
Dear Simba,
I recently adopted 3 four week old kittens and they are all doing
great. I am now sick with fever and the flu. Could I possibly
pass any germs on to the kittens? Are there any precautions that
I need to take to ensure the wellbeing of my sweeties? Thanks,
Kaila
Dear Kaila,
You do not need to worry about the little ones. The cat flu is
the result of a
viral or bacterial
infection, both of which are specific to cats and VERY
different from the human cold or flu virus. Get better.
Simba
Mild Sneezing Post-Vaccine
Hi Simba,
My name is Pippin and my mommy's concerned about my sneezing.
A week and a half ago I got my first dose of my
viral rhinotracheitis vaccination. My
brother, Merry also got the shots and he is perfectly fine.
However, I have been sneezing and Mommy thinks my breath is a
little stinky. She also noticed me wiping my nose with my paw and
licking it. I'm perfectly fine otherwise. I
play with Merry all the time and I still eat
a lot of food! My favorite is tuna!!
Could the
vaccine be causing my mild
symptoms? Do you think this will go away on its own? Mommy's
going to take me to the vet if they think it is serious (I hope
not since my last vet trip was traumatic enough!)
Dear Pippin,
Sorry to hear of your sneezing. It is not uncommon for the FHV
vaccine to cause mild symptoms. do not worry, these usually last
just a few days. Make sure your mommy keeps an eye on you and if
these symptoms continue make sure she takes you to the vet. Your
Pal, Simba
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